Question 1

When should mobile diaries supplement ethnography or surveys?

Accepted Answer

Mobile diaries should supplement surveys or in-home ethnography when you need ongoing, in-the-moment insights that one-time studies can't capture. They are especially useful for studying behaviors or experiences that unfold over time or vary by context. For example, if you want to understand how people use a product throughout a week, a mobile diary lets participants log their usage and reactions in real time. This fills gaps left by a one-off survey (which relies on after-the-fact recall) or a brief ethnography visit (which offers depth but only at a single point in time). Whenever recall bias might be a concern or continuous observation isn't feasible, diary studies ensure you catch day-to-day variations. Participants can note small frustrations, successes, or routine details immediately, providing rich detail that periodic surveys might miss. In short, if a static survey or a one-day in-home study might not tell the whole story, adding a mobile diary helps capture the evolving context and nuances of participants' experiences over time, leading to a more complete understanding.

Question 2

What regional data residency laws affect multi-country data integration?

Accepted Answer

Strict data residency laws in different parts of the world (like the EU, China, and Russia) can complicate multi-country data integration by limiting where personal data can live or be sent. For example, the European Union's GDPR requires that EU residents' personal data stay within the EU or only be sent to countries with adequate protections — this has led companies to use EU-based servers and legal mechanisms like standard contractual clauses for cross-border data flows. China's Personal Information Protection Law and Russia's regulations similarly mandate that citizens' personal information be stored on servers within their borders, forcing global firms to maintain local databases in those markets. When integrating data across borders, companies often must anonymize or aggregate certain datasets before moving them, or design systems to keep sensitive data in-region and only share permitted insights. In short, multi-country data integration must navigate a patchwork of regional laws by keeping data where it's legally required and using approved safeguards for any cross-border transfer.

Question 3

How do I make a credible business case for ethnography versus surveys?

Accepted Answer

To justify ethnography (immersive observational research) versus just surveys, highlight what unique value it provides and how that translates to business outcomes. Emphasize that ethnography uncovers the "why" and unspoken behaviors that surveys often miss. For example, maybe surveys showed decent satisfaction scores, but an ethnographic study revealed customers struggling with a product in their daily context - a hidden pain point that, once solved, significantly increased retention or sales. Frame these insights in dollar terms or KPIs: the improvement might reduce churn by X% or open a new market segment, adding tangible value. Also compare costs: ethnography is more upfront investment, but point out how much a failed product launch or a misread customer need would cost the company (often far more than a few field studies). By providing a concrete success story and a clear ROI argument (value gained vs. research cost), you'll make a compelling, credible case that ethnography isn't a "nice-to-have" but a strategic necessity for deeper insights that drive growth and prevent costly missteps.

Question 4

When is snowball sampling a reasonable and better option than other methods?

Accepted Answer

Snowball sampling is a reasonable — and sometimes superior — option when studying a population that is hard to reach or lacks a readily available sampling frame. It shines in situations where members of a niche or sensitive group know each other and trust is key, because initial participants can refer researchers to others like them. For example, if you need insights from a very specialized community or a stigmatized population (say, early adopters of a cutting-edge technology or individuals with a rare condition), traditional random sampling might yield few respondents, whereas snowball referrals quickly build a network of willing participants. It's also useful when the target group is small or hidden and contact information isn't publicly accessible. In those cases, snowball sampling often outperforms more formal methods by leveraging social connections. The trade-off is that it won't be fully representative of the broader population, but when access is the main hurdle, snowball sampling becomes the most practical and effective approach.

Question 5

What challenges arise when running quant experiments across multiple markets?

Accepted Answer

Running quantitative experiments across multiple markets introduces cultural, logistical, and analytical challenges. One big hurdle is ensuring the survey or test is equivalent in each country - translations and local context can inadvertently change the meaning of questions or tasks, affecting results. Additionally, sampling must be carefully balanced: you might face differing response rates or panel quality by region, which can skew comparisons. Operationally, coordinating timing (time zones, launch dates) and data collection across markets adds complexity. Even after collecting data, analysts must account for structural differences (e.g. one market's consumers might generally give higher ratings than another's). All of this means you need rigorous planning: use expert local input to adapt materials appropriately, standardize procedures as much as possible, and apply statistical techniques (like normalization or separate analysis by market) to ensure valid cross-market comparisons.

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